What are the materials of 3D flying shoe uppers

"3D flying shoe uppers" usually refers to a similar high-tech knit upper, like Nike’s Flyknit, Adidas’s Primeknit, or other brands' proprietary knitted materials. These uppers are made with a mix of synthetic materials, including:

Polyester: Often the primary material, providing durability and a lightweight structure. Recycled polyester is frequently used in eco-friendly models.

Nylon: Adds strength and abrasion resistance, essential for areas needing extra durability.

Spandex or Elastane: Provides stretch for flexibility, giving the upper its adaptive, sock-like fit.

Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU): Sometimes woven into the knit for additional support in key areas or fused as overlays for stability and shape retention.

These materials are integrated through a precise knitting process that allows designers to vary the density, structure, and flexibility of the upper to provide support, breathability, and stretch where needed. The "3D" aspect often refers to the knit’s texture or its integration with other materials to create a seamless fit, reducing waste and enhancing comfort.